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Friday, July 13, 2012

Ramadan Tafseer in Nigeria


Also published in DAILY TRUST

 
This piece was originally written in Arabic by Dr Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemo, a learned Islamic scholar in Kano. And having found it very educative and relevant, as Ramadan is around the corner, I sought and got his permission (thanks to a third party) to translate it into English and share it with the esteemed readers of this column.

Also, since the original Arabic piece is rich in details and references, which perhaps only interest researchers and other experts, I excerpt some selected segments therein yet without prejudice to the points made by the original writer. After all, I had sent a draft of the translated excerpts to him, which he approved accordingly.  Below are the translated excerpts from the piece:

{Holding Qur’an interpretation lessons during Ramadan is a longstanding tradition in Hausa land, which according to some historians dates back to the era of Ali Yaji, who ruled Kano in 1300.

Though it is a good spiritual tradition, however in recent times it has been distorted by the intrusion of imposters parading themselves as Islamic scholars, to promote their ignorance and mislead the public, which warns of a looming danger against people’s belief and their religiosity.

This tradition has been turned into an avenue for the dissemination of bad ideologies, deviant doctrines and destructive ideas under the pretext of interpreting the Qur’anic verses. All these are perpetrated with a bizarre recklessness characterized by a great deal of exaggeration in interpreting the Qur’anic verses without the slightest knowledge of the commentaries of experts in Qur’anic interpretation and that of classical Arabic linguists, and without ascertaining the narrative authenticity of the purported Qur’anic explanatory narrations. There is also display of cluelessness about the commentaries of Muslim Pious Predecessors and deliberate phishing for invalid interpretations given by some commentators and writers.

Qur’anic interpreters in Nigeria could be classified as: (1) who are erudite in the science of Qur’anic interpretation and are well-educated in religious knowledge having acquired Islamic knowledge and classical Arabic linguistics, and they fluently speak and write books in Arabic.

The second category; (2) adopt only (Tafseer Aljalalain) as their Qur’anic interpretation reference book, hence they only give literal translation of what is in the (Tafseer Aljalalain), which largely gives only literal meanings of the Qur’anic words without explaining their contents and analyzing them.

In any case, this type of Qur’anic interpreters is less harmful than those who distort the Qur’anic meanings under the pretext of interpreting it, and are obviously less beneficial than those who are well versed in the Qur’anic and Sunnatic knowledge, who benefit people.

A typical interpreter of this type hardly goes beyond (Tafseer Aljalalain) and barely gives an explanation. He simply translates the verses quite literally without going into explanation hence only the basic suggestion is understood.

The third category; (3) is that who in addition to (Tafseer Aljalalain) adds (Alsawy Footnotes) also.  It is noticeable that, whenever an interpreter from this category comes across a verse on which there are (Alsawy) footnotes on it, he reads and translates the footnotes; most of which are fallacious stories, falsified Hadiths and unconfirmed stories of the purported circumstances surrounding the revelation of the verses. As a matter of fact, some of such stories are prejudiced to the sanctity of the apostles of Allah, yet such an interpreter doesn’t give a damn let alone address them critically.

Many Sufi interpreters particularly the extremists amongst them belong to this category. They adopt this book (i.e. Alsawy Footnotes) as a means to attack the Sunni (Salafi) creed, promote falsehood and mislead people into accepting the extreme brand of Sufism.

The fourth category; (4) includes those who basically adopt (Tafseer Aljalalain) in their Qur’anic interpretation, however, they only translate the Qur’anic words quite ambiguously to the extent that the audience hardly understands anything except some Hausa words, which they utter in a songlike style.

They don’t analyze the verses; they only digress in order to attack the Sunni (Salafi) creed and promote Sufism. They surprisingly round up the interpretation of the complete Qur’an within the thirty days of Ramadan i.e. at the rate of one full part of the Qur’an within the range of only two hours.

The fifth type; (5) is that who does not refer to any reference book at all in his Qur’anic interpretation, instead he is guided by his whim. He manipulates the Qur’anic verses in order to arrive at some empty claims, which were never attributed to any of the generally accepted Islamic scholars over the history, and also never written by any of the recognized writers. His only aim is to promote his wrong ideology in the course of which he manipulates and distorts Allah’s words.

Nevertheless, he brags that he interprets the Qur’an without recourse to any book or reference, not realizing that he is simply confirming his own cluelessness in disguise, in the sense that he can never trace his ridiculous ideas in any reference book after all.

A very prominent Sufi scholar in Northern Nigeria represents an example of this type of Qur’anic interpreters, as he interprets the Qur’an according to his whim and boasts that he does not refer to any book of reference, even though this is actually considered a shortcoming in the Qur’anic interpretation. He hardly quotes recognized Qur’anic interpreters and scarcely refers to the Companions of the apostle of Allah and their Successors. His style and methodology simply go against them.

Storytellers also adopt his style; they hold Qur’anic interpretation lectures in markets and other public places, and most of them are amongst the so-called “Qur’anists”, who don’t believe in any other book apart from the Qur’an, hence they interpret the Qur’an wrongly.

Anyway this phenomenon is encouraged by a number of factors including; lack of religious sincerity from many so-called Islamic scholars, scarcity of sound Islamic knowledge, rampancy of cluelessness, fame-craving and indeed financial interests.

Also corrupt politicians play significant roles in promoting this phenomenon having realized how religion influences people’s emotions; they therefore capitalize on it and pretend to be champions of the religion.

A corrupt politician for instance buys airtimes in one or more radio stations for such imposters; some of whom are actually bloody sorcerers, to promote confusion and deviant ideologies under the pretext of interpreting the Qur’an. Also contributing to the prevalence of this phenomenon are; weak public awareness and lack of sound yardsticks to assess preachers.

To address this problem there is need for organizing seminars, and workshops on the science of Qur’anic interpretation, raising public awareness against listening to any Dick and Harry who claims Islamic scholarship, also to warn politicians and wealthy individuals about the consequences of facilitating the promotion of falsehood amongst people.}

Needless to add, I humbly concur with the original writer, after all there has been some suggestion on the need to regulate preaching in the country.

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